Development of a pictorial scale for assessing functional interference with chronic pain: the Pictorial Pain Interference Questionnaire

on the effects of pictorial clues on the efl learners listening comprehension development

the following null hypothesis was proposed: there is no significant difference between the efl students listening comprehension development receiving pictorial cues and those receiving no cuse. to test the null hypothesis, 52 male and femal freshmen students of medicine studing at iran university of medical scinces were randomly selected from a total population of 72 students. to ensure that th...

Pictorial interference with geometric shapes and achromatic shades

Development of a pictorial scale of pain intensity for patients with communication impairments: initial validation in a general population.

This study evaluated a new six-point ordinal scale for measuring pain intensity. Seventy-two participants aged between 23 and 87 years rated the intensity of 'present pain' as well as remembered episodes of 'severe' and 'mild' pain on the scale of pain intensity (SPIN), a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) and a 0-10 numeric scale, in random order. Retesting followed an intervening assessment. P...

Pain Interference Mediates the Relationship between Pain and Functioning in Pediatric Chronic Pain

Pediatric chronic pain is a major health problem commonly associated with impaired functioning. There is a great need for more knowledge regarding the complex interplay between demographic variables such as age and gender, pain, and functioning in pediatric chronic pain. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate if; (1) pediatric chronic pain patients with high and low levels of ...

An assessment of the association between smoking status, pain intensity, and functional interference in patients with chronic pain.

BACKGROUND This article examines the association between smoking and pain intensity and functional interference in a heterogeneous group of patients evaluated at a tertiary outpatient pain clinic. Current smoking is associated with less favorable clinical presentations. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine if the smoking status of patients seen in an outpatient pain clinic is assoc...